Onychomycosis (onycho means nails and mycosis means fungal infection) is a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails. The actual infection is of the bed of the nail and of the plate under the surface of the nail. Onychomycosis is also known as Dermatophytic onychomycosis, Ringworm of the nail, and Tinea unguium.

This condition may affect toenails or fingernails, but toenail infections are prevalent. The prevalence of onychomycosis is about 6-8% in the adult population.

Here are some factors that contribute to the development of onychomycosis:

1)Dermatophyte Infection: The majority of onychomycosis cases are caused by dermatophyte fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and can invade the nails through small cuts or separations between the nail and nail bed.

2)Yeasts and Molds: While dermatophytes are the primary culprits, yeasts (such as Candida species) and molds can also cause nail infections. These infections are less common but may occur in certain individuals, especially those with weakened immune systems.

3)Warm and Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions. Wearing tight or non-breathable shoes for extended periods, walking barefoot in communal areas like swimming pools and gym showers, and keeping the feet damp can create an environment conducive to fungal growth.